The Fairclough Collection

The collection centres on the portraiture and costume of the seventeenth century and includes illustrations of British gardens, landscapes, houses and furniture. The engraved portraits are grouped and boxed by various chronological schemes or by the occupation of the sitters. Two series of portraits, which Mr Fairclough himself mentioned as being of particular interest, are the supplementary illustrations to Clarendon's 'History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars', containing about 1,000 portraits bound into 3 volumes (SCM 10834-10836) and the supplementary illustrations to John Evelyn's Diary, which are housed in 9 boxes, interleaved with the loose pages of the 1819 edition (EP36). A series of 14 boxes contains photographs of portraits filed alphabetically. In 1951, Professor Simmons commented in a letter to the Librarian that, '[Fairclough] has for years been in touch with owners of country houses, trying to secure photos of 17th century portraits they possess ... they are scarce, and I understand from him that it would be virtually impossible to put together such a collection now'. A further series of 5 boxes contains photographs of portraits filed chronologically to give a year-by-year review of seventeenth century costume. A third series of 38 folio boxes contains some thousands of illustrations under the general title of 'Life in the 17th Century Illustrated'. These range from buildings, county by county, to furniture, silver, pastimes, ships and so on. The books, pamphlets and serials were intended as a working library to aid research, and there is an emphasis on original sources, the Civil War and Commonwealth, social history and biographies.

English Heritage, which is now responsible for the National Monuments Record, holds 97 NMR prints and negatives of Fairclough's photographs of churches and rural housing between c. 1950-1968. Campden and District Historical and Archaeological Society holds 4 photographs of Chipping Campden taken by Fairclough during the 1930s.

Available for general access

Unfortunately, little is known about Mr A. B. R. (known as Basil) Fairclough?s life. We do know that in 1951 he was in his early forties, that he left school in 1925 and that he studied at St. John?s College, Oxford. He was born in the West Country. His correspondence with the Library shows that he was still alive in June 1986. He met his wife Elizabeth, a vicar?s daughter, while he was an undergraduate at Oxford, where she was teaching music. They married and moved with their infant son to Chipping Campden, where they lived at Dover?s House in the High Street. For a time, Fairclough worked at the Alcuin Press, which was based at Chipping Campden until 1935. He also worked for the Gordon Russell furniture workshops in Broadway. According to the writer Christopher Whitfield, whose social circle in Chipping Campden he was a part of, Fairclough was ?independently well off?. By 1951, the family had moved to Richmond, from where Mr Fairclough commuted daily to work in central London. His wife had worked in the Library of the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the couple attended lectures at the V & A together. He donated the collection to the Library in 1970, because, ?I could not have afforded to continue the search, which had already occupied 40 years, nor had I then the space?. In 1980, his wife died and he moved from Richmond to Burford, Oxfordshire. In 1983, by which time he must have been well into his seventies, he enrolled in an Open University 2nd year course in English seventeenth century history. He also worked as a bookbinder and restorer from his house in Burford. Fairclough was extremely modest about his own achievements, commenting in 1951, ?I have always wanted to achieve academic standards in some way, but never felt I should do so really?. However, he assembled what Professor Simmons described as ?a remarkable collection?, which represents an exceptional resource for scholars of seventeenth century British history. Mr Fairclough founded an annual public lecture, to be given at Leicester on a seventeenth century subject, and made payments under a Deed of Covenant to fund these lectures. The first lecture seems to have been given in 1955 and on this occasion Mr Fairclough himself arranged an exhibition of items from his collection in the Library. The October 1956 lecture was given by C. V. Wedgwood. By 1962, it seems that the lecture series had lapsed, although we have evidence that it was revived in 1965.

Mr Fairclough began the collection as soon as he left school in 1925, and continued to add to it even after it was given to the University of Leicester Library in 1970. Initially he bought books from second-hand bookshops, together with engraved portraits for the purpose of extra-illustration (a hobby popularised by The Rev. J. Granger). From 1946, he began to catalogue books containing photographic illustrations of portraits and to collect photographs of portraits. The collection was stored at Fairclough?s home in Richmond. Mrs Fairclough supervised the cataloguing of the collection. In 1960, an aunt gave Fairclough the library of his grandfather, Arthur Appleby, who died in about 1900, and any books of his grandfather's relating to the seventeenth century were incorporated into the collection.